Besides the religion, what's the difference between Arabs and Jews, if they are the same people from the same part of the Middle East?

They are not the same people.

Israel, being a Jewish majority country (and because of this), is typified by:

Jews are a part of the Western Civilization and adhere to Western values. Actually, a great deal of these values stem from Jewish ethics.

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In a nutshell, the Arabs are the exact opposite…

Liberalism - as defined by Merriam-Webster: “a political philosophy based on belief in progress and stressing the essential goodness of the human race, freedom for the individual from arbitrary authority, and protection and promotion of political and civil liberties.”

There is good reason why they bear distinctive names…

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Religion is far from being a major player in the Middle Eastern conflict and this follows the biggest difference between Jews and the peoples of the Middle East, colloquially named “Arabs.”

Besides, while the world “Jews” is both a religious and ethnic term, the word “Arab” is a cultural term.

Pluralism - as defined by Cambridge dictionary: “the belief that the existence of different types of people within the same society is a good thing”

In an interview Donald Trump said Taylor Swift could be a success in the music industry if she was not so liberal. What do you think? Is Trump correct that Swift is failing as a singer and should listen to his advice about her politics?

Positive social mobility - and back to Cambridge dictionary: “the ability to move from one level of society to another”, namely and in practical terms, the ability of any person of any social level to change his or her level, based on personal skills and ambition.